When the Japanese advance through Southeast Asia and the Pacific forced Allied governments, military personnel and intelligence organisations back to Australia in early 1942, Australia became much more than a military base. It also became a major centre of the Allied intelligence war against Japan. Australian, American, British, Dutch and Read more
Dutch and Indonesian involvement in Allied special operations, 1942–1945 Research by Peter Dunn OAM Following the Japanese conquest of the Netherlands East Indies in early 1942, Australia became a base for clandestine intelligence and special operations into Japanese-occupied territory. These operations involved a complex and changing network of Australian, Dutch Read more
Introduction Following the Japanese conquest of the Netherlands East Indies in early 1942, Australia became the principal base from which Dutch military, intelligence and government organisations attempted to maintain contact with the occupied territories and prepare for an eventual Allied return. What developed was not simply a Dutch intelligence operation. Read more
Wil Hamers, Party Apple and the Dutch Catalina intelligence missions On 13 January 1945, a Dutch Catalina flying boat approached an isolated stretch of the east coast of Japanese-occupied Borneo. On board were eight NEFIS intelligence agents — four Dutch and four Indonesian servicemen — together with two rubber boats, Read more
During the Second World War, a large house on a hill overlooking Cairns became one of Australia’s most secret military establishments. Fairview House at Mooroobool, known to wartime personnel simply as the “House on the Hill”, became the headquarters of the Z Experimental Station, or ZES. Established in 1942, it Read more
By Julia Weisz This article outlines the journey of Heinrich (Heini) Kuhn and Josefine (Fini) Kuhn, whose lives reflect the experience of many European Jewish families displaced by war, persecution, and political upheaval, and who later became part of Australia’s post-war migrant community. Early life and migration to the Netherlands Read more
A group photograph taken aboard the Netherlands hospital ship Oranje in Sydney on 2 March 1943 records a little-known connection between one of the most celebrated Dutch ships of the Second World War and one of Australia’s greatest maritime tragedies. Within weeks of the photograph being taken, 28 Australian personnel Read more
The KPM steamship ’s Jacob was the first of three Dutch merchant vessels lost during Operation Lilliput. On 8 March 1943, while carrying troops and supplies from Milne Bay towards Oro Bay, she was attacked by Japanese bombers near Porlock Harbour. Three direct hits and numerous near misses caused serious Read more
Between 21 February and 4 March 1943, the Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij vessels Bontekoe, Karsik and Van Heemskerk transported approximately 3,200 American troops from Australia to Oro Bay in Papua. The troops belonged to the United States 162nd Infantry Regiment, part of the 41st Infantry Division. Their movement was designated Operation Accountant.[1] Read more
Accounts of the Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij’s contribution to the Pacific War frequently refer to “Dutch ships.” This is correct in terms of company ownership, registration and command, but it tells only part of the story. KPM vessels were generally commanded by Dutch officers, while much of the everyday work aboard them Read more